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Complementary alfabetic listing of authors and their work by
Charles François, as a contribution to “Some streams of Systemic Thought” of
the IIGSS (2000), originated by Prof. Eric Schwarz in 1996 * authors added to the list Abélard, Pierre (French
scolastic philosopher)
(Universals)1079-1142 Adorno,
Theodor (German philosopher, sociologist) (Critique of knowledge theory)1903- 1969 Albertus Magnus (German
theologian, philosopher) (Scope of rational mind)1193-1280 Ampère, André Marie (French
physicist) (Theory of games1775-1836 *Anaxagoras (Greek
philosopher) (Combinations of multiple
elements) 500-425 BC Anaximandros (Greek
philosopher) (The permanent cosmic infinite) 610-546 BC Anselm (Saint) (Italian-British
theologian) (Faith as source of reason)1033-1109 Antisthenes (Greek philosopher)
(Cynics school) C. 444-368 BC *Arbib, Michael (British
biologist, computer scientist) (Simulation of complex systems) 1940- Archimedes (Greek
mathematician, physicist) (Hydorstatics)287-212 BC Aristotle (Greek
philosopher) (Logic: principles of
knowledge)384-322 BC *Ashby, Walter Ross (British,
neurologist, cybernetist) (Required variety)1903/1972 Atlan, Henri (French biologist)
Complex systems theory, theory of information) 1931- Austin, John Langshaw (British
linguist, semanticist) (Speech as action)1911-1960 Averroes (Muhammad Ibn Rushd)
(Spanish arab philosopher of religion)
1126-1198 Avicenna (Ibn Sina)
(Iranian philosopher) (Difference between logic and ontological
nature) 980-1037 Babbage, Charles (British mathematician) (First calculating
machines)1792-1871 *Bachelard,
Gaston (French philosopher) (Applied rationalism)1884-1962 Bacon,
Francis (British philosopher)
(Inductive methodology) 1561-1626 Bacon, Roger (British philosopher) (Experimental
method)1214-1294 Banathy, Bela
(Hungarian-American systemist) (System design)1919-2003 *Barnard,
Chester (American Businessman (Cooperative model in management) 1886-1961 *Bateson,
Gregory (American ethnologist) ) (Cultures)1904-1980 Beer, Stafford (British,
management cybernetist) (Critical use of models; design theory)1926-2002 Bentham,
Jeremy (British philosopher) (The ontology)1748-1832 Bergson, Henri (French
philosopher)( Evolution, “elan vital”) 1859-1941 Berkeley,
George (British philosopher) (Theory of perception)1685-1753 *Bernard, Claude (French
biologist) (Regulations in physilogy)1813-1878 Bertalanffy, Ludwig von
(Austrian biologist, systemist) (The system model) 1900-1972 *Bloor, I.G. (Self-paced open
programmed learning) Bogdanov, Alexander
(Russian scientist, philosopher)
(Tektology) 1873-1922 *Bohm, David (American quantum
physicist) (Implicate order) 1917-1992 Bohr, Niels (Danish
physicist) (Basic model of the atom)
1885-1962 Boltzmann,
Ludwig (Austrian physicist) (Statistical thermodynamics)1844-1906 Boole,
George (British logician) (Algebraic logic= 1853-1933 Boulding, Kenneth (British
economist) (Social ecodynamics)1933-1993 *Boscovich, Roger (Serbian
physicist, philosopher) (The observer first observed)1711-1787 *Bremmermann,
Hans J. (German-US mathematician) (Optimization through evolution and
recombination; Bremmermann´s limit to cosmic computation) 1926-1996 Brentano,
Franz (German psychologist) (Intentionality of the observer) 1833-1917 Brillouin,
Léon (French, physicist) (Brownian
mouvement)1889-1972 Broglie,
Louis de (French physicist) (Ondulatory-corpuscular theory of light)1892-1987
Bruno, Giordano (Italian
philosopher) (Everlasting creative
cosmos)1548-1600 Buckminster Fuller, Richard
(American architect) (Synergetics)1895-1983 *Bunge, Mario (Argentine
philosopher) (Methodology in science; ontology of systems) 1919- *Calhoun, John (American
ethologist) (Social pathology due to overcrowding in populations) *Campanella, Tomasso (Italian
poet, philosopher (Social utopia) 1568-1639 Cannon, Walter (American biologist) (Homeostasis)1871-1945 *Cantor,
Georg (German mathematician) ( Self similarity in mathematical models of
sets) 1845-1918 Carnap,
Rudolf (German logician) (Logica analysis of language) 1891-1971 *Carnot, Sadi (French
physicist) (Thermodynamics initiator) 1796-1832 *Cassirer, Ernest (American
philosopher) (Symbolic forms) 1874-1945 Checkland, Peter (British
systemist) ( Systems management) 1930- Churchman, West (American
philosopher )(Theory of inference) 1913-2004 Cicero Marcus Tullius (Roman
orator, philosopher, politician)
(Rhetoric) 106-43 BC *Clark, J.W. (General ecology
of knowledge) Clausius, Rudolf (German
physicist)( Thermodynamics: entropy) 1822-1888 *Comenius, Jan Amos (Czech
humanist) (Didactics) 1592-1670 Comte, Auguste (French
mathematician, philosopher)
(Positivism)1798-1857 Condillac, Etienne Bonnot de
(French philosopher (Psychology of
sensorial perceptions) 1711-1780 Condorcet, Nicolas de Caritat
(French philosopher )(Psychology of knowledge) 1743-1794 *Confucius (Kung Fu Tzu)
(Chinese philosopher) (The need for sound definitions)557-479BC *Conway,
John Horton (British mathematician) (Dynamica topological model: “Game of
life”) 1937- Copernic,
Nicolas (Polish astronomer) (The
heliocentric planetary system) 1473-1543 *Cournot,
Antoine (French philosopher) (Order from randomness) 1801-1877 Crick, Francis (British
biologist, geneticist) (Genetic code) 1916-2007 *Croce, Benedetto (Italian historian,
philosopher) (Critical history) 1866-1952 *Csanyi, Vilmos (Hungarian
biologist) (Autogenesis: evolution of self replicative systems) *Cuvier, Georges (French
paleontologist) (Principle of correlation between parts in biology and
anatomy) 1761-1832 Cusa, Nicholas von (German
philosopher) (Limits to knowledge) 1401-1464 *Daly, Herman (American
economist) (Steady state and entropy in economy) 1938- Darwin, Charles (British
naturalist ( Theory of life evolution) 1809-1882 Da Vinci, Leonard (Italian engineer,
artist) (Models) 1452-1519 *de Green, Kenyon
(American sociologist) (Order parameter in the field theory of
social systems, long-wave theory) Democritos (Greek philosopher(
Materialism) c. 460-370 BC De Morgan, Augustus (British
mathematician, logician) (Logic of relations) 1806-1871 Descartes, René (French
philosopher) (Rational method) 1596-1650 Dewey, John (American
philosopher) ( Pragmatism, instrumentalism) 1859-1952 *Diderot, Denis (French encyclopedist)
(All embracing collected knowledge)1713-1784 *Dilthey, Wilhelm (German
philosopher) (Critique of historical reason) 1833-1911 Diogenes the cynical (Greek
philosopher) (Skepticism)c. 413-327 BC Dirac,
Paul (British physicist) (Mathematical quanta physics) 1902-1984 *Doxiadis,
Constantinos (Greek urbanist) (Ekistics: the science of human settlements
)1913-1975 *Driesch,
Hans (German biologist) (Equipotentiality; entelechy: the finalist hypothesis
in biology) 1867-1941 *Duns Scot, John (Scottish theologian
philosopher) (From -essence-to individual differences)1266-1308 Durkheim,
Emile (French sociologist) (System of
collective representations)1858-1917 Eco, Umberto (Italian
semiologist) (Social production of meanings) 1932- Eddington, Arthur (British
cosmologist) (Space and time relationships; time´s arrow) 1882-1944 Eigen,
Manfred (German biologist) (Hypercycle of life´s self organization) 1927- Einstein, Albert (Swiss
cosmologist) (Theory of relativity)1879-1955 Emerson, Ralph Waldo (American philosopher)
(Humanist individualism; transcendentalism) 1803-1882 *Empedocles (Greek ) (Perception theory) c.492-432 BC Engels, Friedrich (German
political theorist) (Communist theory) 1820-1898 Epictetos (Greek
psychologist, philosopher) (Stoicism) c. 60-110 Epicurus of Samos (Greek philosopher) (Hedonic positivism) 341-270
BC *Erasmus of Rotterdam (Dutch
critical philosopher) (Balanced tolerance)1469-1536 *Escher, Moritz (Dutch
engraver) (Ambiguous optical perception) 1898-1969 Euclid (Greek mathematician)
(Creator of Geometry) (3rd. Cent. BC *Euclid of Megara (Greek
philosopher) (Theory of refutation) c. 450-380 BC Fabre d´Olivet, Antoine (French
linguist, poet) 1768-1825 *Farabi (al), Abu Nasr Muhammad
(Arab political philosopher) (Existence and essence) c. 875-950 Faraday, Michael (British
physicist)(Electromagnetism) 1791-1867 *Fechner, Gustav (German
philosopher (Psychophysic basis of experimental psychology) 1801-1887 *Feuerbach, Ludwig (German
philosopher) (Origins of human mind) 1804-1872 *Fichte, Johan Gottlieb (German
philosopher) (Origin and nature of consciousness) 1762-1814 *Foerster, Heinz von
(Austrian-American cybernetist) (Self organization; circular causality)
1911-2002 Forrester, Jay (American
engineer) (Systems dynamics) 1918- Foucault,
Michel (French philosopher) (Reframing of observation through language)
1926-1994 *Fourier, Joseph (French
mathematician) (Harmonic analysis of periodic functions; self similarity)
1768-1830 François, Charles: Belgian
systemist) (Transdisciplinary Unified Theory)1922- Franklin, Benjamin (American
statesman) ((Discovery of
electricity)1706-1790 *Frege, Gottlieb (German
logicist, semanticist) (Foundations of logic systems) 1848-1925 Freud, Sigmund (Austrian psychiatrist) (Psychoanalysis) 1856-1934 *Gadamer, Hans Georg (German
philosopher) (Hermeneutics) 1900-2002 Galileo Galilei (Italian
physicist, mathematician) (Laws of dynamics; gravitation)1564-1642 *Galois, Evariste (French
mathematician)( Theory of groups) 1811-1832 Gardner, Martin (American
biologist) (Molecular cellular biology) 1914- Gauss, Carl Friedrich (German
physicist, mathematician) (Magnetism probabilities curve) 1777-1835 *Georgescu-Roegen, Nicholas
(Rumanian economist) (Economy entropy) 1906-1994 *Gertnert, Peter (German (Transdisciplinarian
semiotics;biosemiotics, entanglement) *Ghazali (al), Abu Hamud
Muhammad (Turkish philosopher of
religion) 1058-1111 *Gibson, James J. (American
psychologist) (Affordance: tolerance limits to constraints) 1904-1979 Gigch, John van (American
economist) (Metasystem paradigm) (1930-2006 Glasersfeld, Ernst von
(Austrian cybernetist) (Radical constructivism) 1917- Goedel, Kurt (Austrian
mathematician) ( Incompleteness theorem)
1906-1978 *Gonseth, Ferdinand (Swiss
epistemologist) (Idoneity: models relevance) 1890-1975 *Grassé, Pierre Paul (French
biologist) (Stigmergy) 1895-1985 Grosseteste, Robert (British
philosopher) (Experimental method in nature´s studies) 1175-1253 *Habermas, Jürgen (German
philosopher, sociologist)
(Communication languages as structuring tools in social actions) 1929- *Haeckel,
Ernest (German zoologist) (Philogeny: individual ontogeny recapitulates
philogenesis-heterochrony:differential rates of growth in the living
organism) Haken,
Hermann (German biologist) (Synergetics: order parameter; “slaving
principle”) 1927- *Harary, Frank (American mathematician) (Graph theory) 1921-2005 *Hardin, Garrett (American
ecologist, biologist) (Tragedy of commons) 1915-2003 *Harmann, Nicolai (German
ontologist (Categories analysis) 1882-1950 *Hayek, Friedrich (Austrian
economist) (Free market economics) (1899-1992 Hegel, Georg Wilhelm (German
philosopher) (Dialectics: thesis, antithesis, synthesis) 1770-1831 Heidegger, Martin (German
philosopher (Behavioral phenomenology) 1889-1976 Heisenberg, Werner (German
physicist) ( Indeterminism; Uncertainty principle) 1901-1976 Hempel, C. Gustav (German
philosopher: logical positivism) 1905-1997 Heraklitos (Greek philosopher)
(“everything flows”) c.550-480 BC *Herder,
Gottfried (German philosopher) (History and cultures) 1744-1803 Heylighen,
Francis (Belgian cyberneticist) (Principia cybernetica)1960- Hobbes,
Thomas (British philosopher)
(Associative theory of perception and knowledge; power through social
contract)1588-1679 *Horkheimer, Max (German
sociologist) (Sociohistorical critical theory of “truth”)1895-1973 *Hsun Tzu (Chinese semanticist,
political philosopher) c. 300-237 BC *Humboldt, Wilhelm von (German
philologist) (Linguistics, Structuralism) 1767-1835 Hume, David (Scottish
philosopher) (Empirical critic of
human understanding) 1711-1787 Husserl, Edmund (German
philosopher) (Phenomenology) 1859 -1938
*Ibn Khaldun
(Arab historian philosopher) (Sociological history method) 1332-1406 Jackson, Michael (British
economist) (Systems management) 1951- Jacquard, Joseph Marie (French
mechanic) (Programmed loom) 1752-1834 James, William (American
philosopher, psychologist ( Pragmatism) 1842-1910 *Jacob, François (French
biologist, geneticist, physiologist) ( General mechanism of bacterias
mutations) 1920- *Johannessen, J:A: (Danish cybernetist) (Holographic organization ) *Jonas, Hans (German
philosopher ) (Gnosis, Responsibility principle) 1903-1993 Joule, James (British
physicist) (Thermodynamics) 1818-1889 Jung, Carl
(Swiss psychologist ) (Psychosociological study of myths) 1875-1961 *Kampis,
Georgy (Hungarian systemist) (Self modifying systems) Kant,
Immanuel (German philosopher) (Critique of pure reason) 1724-1804 *Kauffman,
Stuart (American theoretical biologist)(Chaos theory:frozen cores) 1939- Kepler, Johannes (German
astronomer) (Heliocentric planetary system) 1571-1630 Keynes, John Maynard (British
theoretical economist) (General theory of work and money) 1883-1946 *Kindi (al), Abu Yusuf ibn
Ishak (Arab philosopher) (Discoursive
rationality) 796-873 Kirchhoff,
Gustav (German physicist) (Spectral analysis; blackbody radiation
thermodynamics) 1824-1887 *Klir, George (Czeckoslovakian-
American computer systemist) (Reconstructability analysis) 1932- *Koch, Hage von (Swedish
mathematician) (Self-similar curves) 1870-1924 Koestler,
Arthur (Hungarian-British systemist) (Beyond reductionism: the holon)1905-198 *Koffka, Kurt (German-American
psychologist) (Gestalt theory)1886-1941 Koenig, Dénes (Hungarian
mathematician) (Graphs theory) 1884-1944*Kohler, Wolfgang (German-American
psychologist)(Gestalt theory)
1887-1957 *Kondratieff, Nikolai D.
(Russian economist) (Long cyclical wave in economy and socio-systems)
1892-1938 * Korzybski, Alfred
(Polish-American semanticist) (Non-identity principle) 1883-1950 *Kung Tzu (Confucius chinese
philosopher) (The necessity for correct denominations) c.555-479 BC *Kurdyumov, Sergei P. (Russian
mathematician) (Synergetics, Self organization of complex systems (1928-2004 *Laborit, Henri (French
biologist) (Agression and submission in biological systems) 1914-1995 *Lagrange, Joseph Louis de
(French mathematician) (Algebraic analysis)1736-1816 * Langton, Christopher (American
biologist) (Artificial life) 1949- Lao Tzu (Chinese, philosopher
(the Tao) c. 570-490 Laplace, Pierre Simon de
(French mathematician, physicist) (Harmonic functions; Cosmogony) 1749-1827 Lavoisier, Antoine de (French
chemist) (Founder of modern chemistry)1743-1794 *Le Chatelier, Henri (French
chemist) (General law of physico-chemical equilibria) 1850-1936 Leibniz, Gottfrich Wilhelm
(German mathematician, philosopher) (Differential-integral calculus)
1646-1716 Leucippus (Greek,
mathematician, physicist) (Atomist theory) c. 450-370 BC Levi-Strauss, Claude (French
ethnologist) (Structural anthropology) 1908- *Levy-Bruhl,
Lucien (French sociologist) (Archaic mythical worldview) 1857-1939 *Lewin, Kurt (American social
psychologist) (Field theory, Group dynamics) 1899-1947 *Lichtenberg, Georg Christoph
(German scientist)(Drawing distinctions) 1742-1799 Locke, John (British philosopher)
(Empirical rationalism) 1632-1704 Locker,
Alfred (Austrian biophysicist (Complementary polarity) 1922-2005 Lorentz,
Anton (Dutch physicist, philosopher) (Time relativity)1853-1928 *Lorenz,
Edward (American meteorologist) (Chaos theory) 1917- *Lorenz, Konrad
(Austrian ethologist) (Social behavior in animals) 1903-1989 *Lösch, August (German
demographer, economist) (Spatial ordering) 1906-1945 *Lotka, Alfred
(Austrian-American demographer) (Mathematics of animal social behavior)
1880-1949 Lucretius, Carus (Roman poet,
philosopher (Atomism) 98-54 BC Luhmann, Niklaas (German
sociologist) (Collective self reference in social systems) 1927-1998 *Lulle, Ramon (Catalan
philosopher) (Ars Magna: First attempt to algorithmic thinking) 1232-1316 *Lyapunov, A.M..
(Russian mathematician) (Mathematical theory of stability of systems
trajectories) 1857-1918 Mach, Ernest (Austrian
physicist, philosopher) (Empirio-criticism) 1838-1916 Machiavelli, Niccolo (Italian
political theorist) (Political
strategy)1469-1527 MacKay, Donald (British
logician) (1922-1987) (Metron and
logon) *Maimonides (Spanish jew
theologian, philosopher) (Talmud)1135- 1204 *Malinowski, Bronislav (Polish
cultural anthropologist) (Cultural functionalism)1884-1942 Malthus, Thomas Robert (British
economist) (Demographic disequilibrum)1766-1834 *Mandelbrot, Benoit
(Polish-French mathematician) (Fractals) 1924- Marcus Aurelius (Roman emperor,
philosopher) (Stoicism)121-180 *Margalef,
Ramon (Spanish ecologist) (Thermodynamics of ecological systems) *Markov,
Andrey (Russian mathematician ) (Mathematical matrix of all the possible
transitions of states in a system) 1856-1922 *Maruyama,
Magoroh (Japanese cybernetist) (Interactive generating patterns; mindscapes)
1929- Marx, Karl (German sociologist)
(Critical study of capitalistic economy) 1818-1883 *Maturana, Humberto (Chilean
biologist) (Autopoiesis: self organization in living systems)1928- Maxwell, James Clark (Scottish
physicist) (Adaptivity through feedback) 1831-1879 *McClelland,
J.L. (American neurologist) (Parallel
distributed processing in the brain) McCulloch,
Warren (American cybernetist) (Logical calculus in brain processes)(1898-1964 Mead, Margaret (American
anthropologist) (Socialization of the individual in culture) 1901-1978 *Mencius (Meng-Tzu) (Chinese
philosopher) (Innate morality)c.372-289 BC *Mendeleiev,
Dimitri (Russian chemist) (Periodic classification of chemical
elements)1834-1907 *Menger, Karl
(Austrian mathematician) (Three dimensional fractals) 1902-1988 *Merleau Ponty, Maurice (French
philosopher) (Phenomenology of perception)1908-1961 *Meyer,
François (French philosopher, epistemologist) (Evolutive acceleration) Mill, John
Stuart (British economist, philosopher) (Inductive search of causal
relations) 1806-1871 Miller, James G. (American
biologist, systemist) (Critical subsystems in living systems)1916-2002 *Moore, George Edward (British
philosopher) (Common sense ethics) 1873-1958) *More, Thomas (British
philosopher) (Social “utopia”)1475-
1535) *Moreau de Maupertuis, Pierre
(French mathematician) (Principle of least action) 1698-1759 *Morin, Edgar (French
sociologist, philosopher) (Seven principles of integrative thinking) 1921- Muir, John
(Scottish-American naturalist) (Vegetal ecology)1838-1914 *Mulej, Matjas (Slovenian
systemist) (Requisite holism; methods for creative cooperation) *Needham, Joseph (British
historian) (“Science and civilization
in China”)1900-1995 Neumann, John von (Hungarian
-American mathematician) (Self-reproducing cellular automata models)
1903-1957 *Newell, Allen (American
computational scientist) (Well structured problems; general problem solver)
1927-1992 Newton, Isaac (British
astronomer, mathematician) (Mathematical theory of universal gravitation)
1642-1727 Nietzche,
Friedrich (German philosopher) (Will to power; transmutation of
values)1844-1900 *Ockham, William of (British
theologian philosopher) (“Ockam´s razor”; minimalist use of concepts in
explanation) 1280-1348 *Oresme, Nicolas d´ (French
physicist, economist) (Nature and use
of currencies) c.1320-1382 *Ostwald, Wilhelm (German
physicist, philosopher) (“Warmestod”: final thermodynamic uniformity of
universe)1853-1932 Parmenides (Greek philosopher)(
“being”, the essence of reality) c. 544-450 BC Parsons, Talcott ( American
sociologist) (“The structure of social action”)1902-1979 Pask, Gordon
(British cyberneticist) (Conversation; human learning theory) 1928-1996 *Pasteur, Louis (French
biologist) (Inmunization/vaccination)1822.1895 *Pavlov, Ivan (Russian
biologist, psychologist) (Conditioned reflex )1849-1936 Peirce, Charles Sanders
(American logician) (Pragmatism) 1839-1914 Piaget, Jean (Swiss
psychologist) (Genetic epistemology; structuralism)1896-1980 *Pitts, Walter (American
logician, psychologist) (Neural networks) 1923-1969 *Planck, Max
(German physicist) (The quantum) 1858-1947 Plato
(Greek, philosopher) (Theory of reality; ontology; epistemology)c. 428-348 BC Poincaré, Henri (French
mathematician) (Limits to determinism)1854-1912 *Poisson, Denis (French
mathematician) (Probability distributional random experiments)1781-1850 *Popper,
Carl (Austrian-British philosopher)
(Refutability as a touchstone in knowledge)1902-1994 *Prat, Henri
(French biologist) (The “aura”: residual trace of a dissapeared system) 1948- Prigogine,
Ilya (Russian-Belgian chemist) (Self organization in non-equilibrium
systems;bifurcations) 1917-2003 Pythagoras (Greek
mathematician, philosopher) (Basic principles of arithmetic and geometry)c.
572-497 BC *Quine, Willard van Ormand (American
logician, philosopher) (Ontological
relativity)1908-2000 *Radcliffe-Brown, Alfred (American cultural anthropologist)
(Functional social anthropology) 1881-1955 *Rashevsky, Nicolas (Russian
mathematical biologist) (Topological
transformations in organismic sets ) 1899-1972 *Reid, Thomas ( Scottish
philosopher) (Common sense) 1710-1796 Renouvier,
Charles (French philosopher) (Relation between usefullness and truth:
negation of transcendental entities) 1815-1903 Ricardo, David (British
economist) (Theory of free trade) 1772-1823 *Rodriguez Ulloa, Ricardo
(Peruvian engineer, systemist) (Soft systems dynamics methodology) Rousseau, Jean Jacques (French
philosopher) (“Social
contract”)1712-1779 Russell, Bertrand (British
mathematician, philosopher) (Theory of logical types) 1872-1970 *Ryle, Gilbert (British
semanticist, epistemologist) (Empirically based epistemology)(1900-1976 Saint-Simon, Claude de Rouvroy
de (French economist) (Evolutionary organicism)(1760-1825 Samuelson,
Paul (American economist) (Self reproductive dynamic equilibrium;linear
programming)1915- *Sapir, Edward (American
ethnologist, linguist) (Generalized linguistics)1884-1939 Saussure,
Ferdinand de (Swiss linguist) (Structuralist semiology)1857-1913 *Scheler, Max (German
philosopher, sociologist (Man´s place
in cosmos) 1874-1928 Schelling, Friedrich (German
philosopher) (Philosophy of nature:
transcendental idealism)1775-1854 *Schleiermacher, Friedrich
(German theologist, philosopher
(Hermeneutics, theory of understanding) 1768-1834 Schopenhauer, Arthur (German
philosopher) (“The world as will and representation”) 1788-1860 Schrödinger, Erwin (Austrian
physicist, philosopher) (Order from noise; order from order) 1887-1961 *Schuster, Peter K. (Austrian
biophysicist) (Hypercycle: self reproducing cycle-in collaboration with
Manfred Eigen) 1941- *Schwemmler, Werner (German biologist) (Symbiogenesis: a macro
mechanism of evolution) *Scot Erigena, Joannes (Irish,
theologian, philosopher) 815-877 *Selye, Hans
(Austrian-Canadian biologist) (General adaptation syndrome) 1907-1962 Shannon, Claude (American
mathematician) (Noise compensation in messages through
redundancy;communication theory) 1916-2001 *Sierpinski, Waclaw (Polish
mathematician) (Geometric fractal figures)1882-1969 *Sighele,
Scipio (Italian sociologist) (Crowd behavior in animals and humans)1868-1913 *Simmel,
Georg (German sociologist) (Nature of social interactions) 1858-1918 *Simon, Herbert (American
political scientist) (Recursive hierarchical architecture in complex systems)
1916-2001 *Smale, Stephen (American
mathematician) (Self-similar structures in chaotic determinism) 1930- Smith, Adam (Scottish
economist) (Automatic regulation of production and prices)1723-1790 Smuts, Jan Christian (South
African philosopher) (The holon (whole)and holism) 1870-1950 Socrates (Greek
philosopher) (Maieutics) 470- 399 BC
Spencer,
Herbert (British philosopher) (Evolution as a general principle) 1820-1903 *Spengler, Ostwald (German
historian philosopher) (Cycles in history) 1880-1936 Spinoza, Baruch (Dutch
philosopher) (Immanent causality in ultimate reality) 1632-1677 *Steinbuch, Karl (German
mathematician, cybernetist) (Learning matrixes) 1917-2005 Suess, Hans Edward
(Austrian-American physicist) (The concept of biosphere) 1909-1993 *Tchou Hi (Chinese philosopher) ( the “sky” as
order) 1130-1200 Thales of Milet (Greek philosopher) (Geometry;
naturalism) c. end of VIIth C. BC Thom,
René (French mathematician) (Morphogenesis )1923-2002 Thomas Aquinas (Italian
philosopher) (Scholastical empiricism; transcendentals) 1227-1274 Thompson, d´Arcy, Wentworth
(British biologist) (Growth and forms) 1860-1948 *Tinbergen,
Niklaas (Dutch ethologist) (Ethology: social behaviour in animals) 1907-1988 *Toynbee,
Arnold (British historian) (Growth and decay of cultures) 1889-1976) Turing, Alan
(British mathematician, informaticist) (Recursive computer; uncomputability
theorem) 1912-1944 Tycho Brahe (Danish astronomer)
(Basics for modern astronomy)1546-1601 *Uexkull, Jacob von(Estonian
ethologist) (Science and meanings in animal behaviour) 1864-1944 Uexkull, Thure von (Estonian
ethologist) (Science and meanings in animal behaviour) 1908-2004 *Vallée, Robert : (French mathematician,
systemist) (Epistemological subjetivity; teleonomy) Varela, Francisco (Chilean
biologist) (Self reference as principle of biological autonomy)1946-2001 *Vendryes, Pierre (French
biologist) (Theory of Autonomy) 1908-1989 *Verhulst, Pierre (Belgian
demographer) (Logistic growth law in
populations) 1804-1849 Vernadsky, Vladimir (Russian
geophysicist) (Geosphere;earth as an organism) 1863-1945 Vester, Friedrich (German
ecologist) (Autonomy from environmental through internal coherence) 1925-2003 *Vickers, Geoffrey (British
sociologist) (Stabilization through criteria of positive and negative
controls) 1894-1992 Vico, Gianbattista
(Italian historian,
sociologist)(Cycles in History) 1668-1744 Voltaire, François Arouet de
(French philosopher) (Determinism; progress) 1694-1778 Volterra,
Vito (Italian mathematician) (Mathematical models in biology and demography)
1860-1940 Waddington, Conrad (British
biologist) (Chreods: canalised pathways in changes) 1905-1975 Wallace,
Alfred (British naturalist) (Theory of evolution)1823-1913 Warfield, John (American
systemist) (Mathematics of structures: interactive management) 1926- *Warwick, Kevin (British
cyberneticist) (Robotics) *Watson, James (American
biologist) (The double helix in genetics) 1928- Watt, James
(Scottish physicist) (Applied
thermodynamics: steam engine) 1736-1819 Watzlawick, Paul (Austrian
psychotherapist) (Constructivism in psychology and sociology) 1921- 2007 *Weaver, Warren (American
cybernetist) (Theory of communication channels) 1894-1978 *Weierstrass, Karl (German
mathematician) (Self-similar harmonic function) 1815-1897 *Wertheimer, Max
(German-American psychologist) (Gestalt psychology) 1880-1943 Whitehead, Alfred North
(British mathematician, logician) (Theory of logical types;organismic
processes) 1861-1947 Whorf, Benjamin Lee (American
linguist) (Intercultural comparative linguistics) 1897-1941 Wiener, Norbert (American
cybernetist) (Control and communication in the animal and the machine)
1894-1964 *Wilden, Anthony (British social theorist) (Morphogenesis:
emerging systems structural properties) 1935- Wittgenstein, Ludwig
(Austrian-British philosopher) (Ontological reality: a matter of believe)
1889-1951 *Xenophanes (Greek philosopher)
(Cultural relativism, naturalism) c. 570-480 BC *Zeleny, Milan ( Management
systemist) (Self organization; self sustainability) Zeno of Elea (Greek
philosopher) (Paradoxes about time and mouvement)c. 490-430 BC *Zeno, the stoic (Greek
philosopher) (Imposibility to scape from control of natural laws) c. 342-270 BC |